Radonovich et al. JAMA 2019 Sep 3;322(9):824-33
The advantage of N95 respirators over surgical masks in controlled settings were not demonstrated in preventing staff influenza infection in routine primary care.
Steels E, et al. Inflammopharmacology 2019 Jun;27(3):475-85.
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) cannot be recommended as a routine therapy for knee osteoarthritis in Australian primary care,
Osani et al. Korean J Intern Med 2019 Mar 15
Duloxetine (60-120 mg daily) appears to have a small to moderate beneficial effect on knee osteoarthritis pain and function at 3 months, compared to placebo.
Beadle et al. Ann Emerg Med 2016 Jul;68(1):1-9 e1.
Nasal inhalation of isopropyl alcohol provides clinically important relief from acute nausea, of at least a short duration, in community ambulatory patients
Bisson et al. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2013 Dec 13(12):CD003388
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) appears to be effective for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
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Journal reference: Nishimura K, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y, Tsuji G, Nakazawa T, Kawano S, et al. Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146(11): 797-808; and others.
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00008
Published: 5 June 2007
 Evidence cookie says… |
There is no role for diagnostic rheumatoid factor (RF) testing in someone without inflammatory arthritis.
An elevated RF increases the odds of rheumatoid arthritis about 5-fold. The post-test risk, however, depends on the pre-test risk. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1619
Journal reference: Ajala O, English P, Pinkney J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97(3): 505-516
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.042457
Published: 30 January 2013
Evidence cookie says… |
The Mediterranean diet appears to be as good as other diets at improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
There is some evidence of that it may be superior, but this evidence is weak/uncertain. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1610
Journal reference: Tonelli M, Lloyd A, Clement F, Conly J, Husereau D, Hemmelgarn B, Klarenbach S, McAlister FA, Wiebe N, Manns B, Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Efficacy of statins for primary prevention in people at low cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2011; 183(16): E1189-E1202
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111674
Published: 24 October 2011
Evidence cookie says… |
Statins appear to have a (small) cardiovascular benefit, even in individuals at low CVD risk.
The clinical meaningfulness of this benefit needs to be considered in the context of side-effects, opportunity costs, and patient preferences. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1607
Journal reference: Shea B, Swinden MV, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Ortiz Z, Katchamart W, Rader T, Bombardier C, Wells GA, Tugwell P. Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD000951
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000951.pub2
Published: 31 May 2013
Evidence cookie says… |
Low dose folic acid (≤ 7 mg/week) substantially reduces the likelihood of certain side-effects of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
This appears to be very clinically significant – NNT of 7 for one patient not to withdraw from MTX therapy.
Low dose folic acid did not appear to reduce the effectiveness of MTX. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1603
Journal reference: Science M, Johnstone J, Roth DE, Guyatt G, Loeb M. Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2012; 184(10): E551-E561
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111990
Published: 7 May 2012
Evidence cookie says… |
Oral zinc reduces the duration of cold symptoms in adults, but at the cost of side-effects.
The evidence is of moderate grade strength – there is some major heterogeneity in the results between the included studies.
High doses of zinc (≥ 75 mg of ionised zinc per day), and zinc in the acetate formulation might be more effective. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1599
Journal reference: Conway S, Hart A, Clark A, Harvey I. Does eating yogurt prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? A placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial in general practice. British Journal of General Practice 2007; 57(545): 953-959
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/096016407782604811
Published: 1 December 2007
Evidence cookie says… |
Yoghurt eaters in this study might have suffered less antibiotic-associated diarrhoea as compared to those who ate no yoghurt.
This evidence, however, is weak and no firm conclusions can be made. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1595
Journal reference: Bolland M, Avenell A, Baron JA, Grey A, MacLennan GS, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c3691
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3691
Published: 30 July 2010
Evidence cookie says… |
Calcium supplements may increase the risk of myocardial infarction, but, there is substantial uncertainty in the estimate.
For every 69 patients treated with calcium supplements for 5 years rather than placebo, there would be one extra myocardial infarction, i.e., the NNH is 69 (95% confidence interval is from about 30 to 1000).
Using the precautionary principle, regular calcium supplements should be avoided unless there is a clear compelling indication. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1592
Journal reference: Wandel S, Jüni P, Tendal B, et al. Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c4675
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c4675
Published: 17 September 2010
Evidence cookie says… |
Glucosamine does not appear to be effective for knee or hip osteoarthritis pain.
The evidence is robust. Even using the most favourable interpretation of the estimate of effect, glucosamine does not have a clinically significant effect on knee or hip osteoarthritis pain. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1588
Journal reference: Chalder M, Wiles NJ, Campbell J, Hollinghurst SP, Haase AM, Taylor AH, Fox KR, et al. Facilitated physical activity as a treatment for depressed adults: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012; 344:e2758
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2758
Published: 6 June 2012
Evidence cookie says… |
Recommending structured moderate or vigorous exercise in addition to routine GP care is not effective for the treatment of depression.
This was a well conducted study and the evidence is strong. Exercise has other general benefits, but exercise programs specifically as a form of depression therapy should not be considered evidence-based. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1585
Journal reference: Hogan ME, VanderVaart S, Perampaladas K, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of warming local anesthetics on injection pain. Ann Emerg Med 2011 Jul; 58(1): 86-98.e1
Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.001
Published: 14 February 2011
Evidence cookie says… |
Warming the local anaesthetic probably does reduce pain in general, but not by much in most individuals.
There is uncertainty in the evidence as the magnitude of this effect, which appears to straddle the the boundary of clinical relevance. |
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Permanent link to this article: https://evidencebasedmedicine.com.au/?p=1582
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